Похоже, что остановка контейнера docker без выключения MySQL внутри создает поврежденный объем данных MySQL. Таким образом, необходимо запустить завершение работы MySQL перед остановкой контейнера, чтобы MySQL сбросил все изменения на диск.
Это журнал запуска mysql на томе, созданный из контейнера, остановленный docker. Обратите внимание на то, что существует этап аварийного восстановления XA.
2021-05-18 06:34:51+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.25-1debian10 started.2021-05-18 06:34:54+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'2021-05-18 06:34:54+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.25-1debian10 started.2021-05-18T06:34:54.844455Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.25) starting as process 12021-05-18T06:34:54.887402Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.2021-05-18T06:35:00.523370Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.2021-05-18T06:35:11.094092Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock2021-05-18T06:35:11.181732Z 0 [System] [MY-010229] [Server] Starting XA crash recovery...2021-05-18T06:35:11.198947Z 0 [System] [MY-010232] [Server] XA crash recovery finished.2021-05-18T06:35:11.375917Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.2021-05-18T06:35:11.376529Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.2021-05-18T06:35:11.397202Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.2021-05-18T06:35:11.628776Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.25' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server - GPL.
перед завершением работы контейнера аварийное восстановление XA не запускается, и объем данных действителен для следующего контейнера, запускаемого с ним
2021-05-18 06:36:44+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.25-1debian10 started.2021-05-18 06:36:47+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'2021-05-18 06:36:47+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.25-1debian10 started.2021-05-18T06:36:48.040045Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.25) starting as process 12021-05-18T06:36:48.082740Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.2021-05-18T06:36:53.426493Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.2021-05-18T06:36:57.611953Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock2021-05-18T06:36:57.827561Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.2021-05-18T06:36:57.828060Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.2021-05-18T06:36:57.845291Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011810] [Server] Insecure configuration for --pid-file: Location '/var/run/mysqld' in the path is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.2021-05-18T06:36:58.014550Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.25' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server - GPL.